India's greatest gifts to humanity are the two epics, 'Ramayana' and _________.

The correct answer is Mahabharata.

Key Points

• Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient Indian literature, alongside the Ramayana.
• Attributed to sage Vyasa, the Mahabharata is the longest epic ever written, consisting of approximately 100,000 shlokas (verses).
• It narrates the story of the Kuru dynasty, focusing on the conflict between the Pandavas and Kauravas, culminating in the great Kurukshetra War.
• The epic includes philosophical and devotional content, such as the Bhagavad Gita, which is a key text in Hindu philosophy and spirituality.
• The Mahabharata has had a profound impact on Indian culture, serving as a guide to dharma (moral law and duty) and influencing festivals, rituals, and traditions.

Additional Information

• Ramayana
  • Written by sage Valmiki, the Ramayana is the other major epic of India alongside the Mahabharata.
  • It recounts the story of Lord Rama, his wife Sita, and his loyal companion Hanuman.
  • The narrative symbolizes the triumph of good over evil, focusing on Rama's quest to rescue Sita from the demon king Ravana.
  • The Ramayana is deeply embedded in Indian culture, influencing art, theater, and religious practices.
• Bhagavad Gita
  • The Bhagavad Gita is a 700-verse scripture that is part of the Mahabharata (Book 6: Bhishma Parva).
  • It is a conversation between Lord Krishna and Arjuna that addresses profound philosophical and ethical dilemmas.
  • The Gita discusses concepts such as dharma (duty), karma (action), and moksha (liberation).
  • It is considered one of the most important texts in Hindu philosophy and spirituality.
• Influence of Mahabharata
  • The Mahabharata has inspired countless adaptations in literature, theater, television, and cinema globally.
  • Its stories and teachings are integral to Indian festivals, rituals, and moral education.
• Timeline and Composition
  • The Mahabharata is believed to have been composed between 400 BCE and 400 CE.
  • It evolved over centuries, incorporating layers of philosophical, historical, and cultural material.