In system modelling using transfer function, roots of the characteristic equation are 

Explanation:

In system modeling using a transfer function, the roots of the characteristic equation are the Poles of the transfer function.

• The characteristic equation of a system is typically obtained by setting the denominator polynomial of the closed-loop transfer function to zero.
• The poles of a transfer function are the values of 's' that make the denominator of the transfer function equal to zero (assuming no common factors with the numerator).
• The locations of the poles in the s-plane are critical for determining the stability and transient response of a system. If any pole lies in the right half of the s-plane, the system is unstable.