A total station integrates several functionalities to perform various surveying tasks. Which of the following features is NOT typically integrated into a total station's design? 

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  1. Doppler radar for atmospheric compensation.
  2. Theodolite for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. 
  3. EDM device for measuring distances. 
  4. GPS receiver for real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying. 

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Doppler radar for atmospheric compensation.
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Detailed Solution

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Explanation:

A Total Station is an advanced surveying instrument that combines various technologies for measuring angles and distances accurately. However, not all features are typically integrated into its design.

Analysis of Options:

  1. Doppler radar for atmospheric compensation  (Not integrated)

    • Doppler radar is used in meteorology and satellite tracking, not in total stations.

    • Atmospheric corrections in total stations are generally done using temperature and pressure sensors, not Doppler radar.

  2. Theodolite for measuring horizontal and vertical angles  (Integrated)

    • A total station includes a theodolite to measure horizontal and vertical angles.

  3. EDM device for measuring distances  (Integrated)

    • Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) is a fundamental part of a total station, used to measure distances accurately.

  4. GPS receiver for real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying  (Possible in advanced models)

    • Some modern Robotic Total Stations integrate GPS and RTK for precise positioning.

    • However, traditional total stations do not rely on RTK GPS for primary measurements.

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