A process in which an individual learns new responses by observing the behaviour of another rather than through direct experience is known as- 

Learning is not always the result of direct experience. Sometimes, individuals acquire new behaviors simply by watching others. This type of learning is crucial in early childhood and continues throughout life, especially in social settings.

 Key Points

• Psychologist Albert Bandura emphasized the importance of learning through observation, modeling, and imitation in his Social Learning Theory.
• Social learning is the process in which an individual learns new responses by observing the behavior of another person.
• It does not require the learner to go through trial and error or face consequences directly. Instead, the individual watches others, often role models or peers, and learns what actions to take or avoid.
• For example, a child may learn how to solve a puzzle by watching another child do it or avoid touching a hot object after seeing someone else get burned.

Hint

•  Conditioning involves learning through associations (classical) or consequences (operant) and typically requires direct experience.
• Experimental learning is based on learning through hands-on, practical experiences or activities, often involving reflection and application.
• Incidental learning refers to unintentional or unplanned learning, which is not necessarily driven by observation or modeling.

Hence, the correct answer is social learning.