Indian Political Thought MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Indian Political Thought - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is B and E only
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi indeed wrote the books "Hind Swaraj" and "Constructive Programme," both of which are significant works that reflect his philosophy and vision for India.

 Key PointsHind Swaraj:

• Publication: "Hind Swaraj" was written in 1909 and was originally published in Gujarati. It was later translated into English by Gandhi himself.
• Context: At the time of writing "Hind Swaraj," India was under British colonial rule. Gandhi's discontent with the prevailing political, social, and economic conditions in India prompted him to articulate his thoughts on the nation's future.

Key Themes:

• Critique of Modern Civilization: Gandhi criticized modern Western civilization, industrialization, and the materialistic pursuit of progress. He argued that Western civilization was leading to moral degradation and environmental destruction.
• Swadeshi and Self-Sufficiency: Gandhi advocated for the concept of "Swadeshi," promoting self-reliance and the use of local resources. He believed that India should strive for economic independence through decentralized and village-based economies.
• Non-Violence (Ahimsa): The principle of non-violence, or "ahimsa," was central to Gandhi's philosophy. He argued that true swaraj (self-rule) could only be achieved through non-violent means.
• Decentralized Political System: Gandhi proposed a decentralized political system, with power residing at the grassroots level in the form of self-governing village communities.
• Legacy: "Hind Swaraj" is considered a foundational text for understanding Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence, self-reliance, and his vision for a spiritually and morally enlightened society.

Constructive Programme:

Publication: "Constructive Programme" is not a single book but a compilation of Gandhi's writings and speeches on various constructive activities. These writings were brought together to form a comprehensive document outlining Gandhi's vision for social, economic, and political reconstruction.

Context: The "Constructive Programme" emerged as a response to Gandhi's belief that the struggle for independence should not only be against British rule but should also involve positive efforts to build a just and equitable society.

Key Themes:

• Khadi and Village Industries: Gandhi emphasized the promotion of khadi (hand-spun and handwoven cloth) and the development of village industries as a means of economic empowerment for rural communities.
• Education: Gandhi advocated for a holistic and value-based education system that focused on character development, vocational training, and a connection with one's cultural roots.
• Harijan Welfare: Gandhi worked towards the upliftment of the untouchables, whom he referred to as Harijans (children of God). He campaigned against untouchability and promoted their social integration.
• Sanitation and Hygiene: Gandhi stressed the importance of cleanliness and hygiene, emphasizing that a clean environment was essential for physical and spiritual well-being.
• Women's Empowerment: Gandhi advocated for women's rights and their active participation in social and political life. He supported their education and economic independence.
• Legacy: The "Constructive Programme" reflects Gandhi's belief that constructive work on the ground, addressing the immediate needs of the people, was as important as the larger political struggle for independence.

 Additional Information

• "Hind Swaraj" outlines Gandhi's critique of modern civilization and presents his vision for a self-reliant, non-violent, and spiritually enlightened India.
• On the other hand, the "Constructive Programme" details Gandhi's practical approach to social reform, economic development, and the empowerment of marginalized sections of society.
• Together, these works provide a comprehensive understanding of Gandhi's philosophy and his multifaceted approach to social and political transformation.

The correct answer is EV. Ramaswami Naicker 
Explanation: The Self-Respect Movement, initiated by E.V. Ramaswami Naicker (Periyar), in early 20th century Tamil Nadu, aimed to uplift socially marginalized communities and promote self-respect and dignity among the Dravidian people as part of the broader Dravidian movement in South India.

Key Points

The Self-Respect Movement was indeed initiated by E.V. Ramaswami Naicker, commonly known as Periyar, in the early 20th century in Tamil Nadu, India. Periyar was a social reformer, politician, and a prominent figure in the Dravidian movement, which sought to promote the rights and interests of the Dravidian people, who primarily inhabit South India. The movement, led by Periyar, aimed to uplift the socially marginalized communities and promote self-respect and dignity among them. Here's a more detailed explanation of the Self-Respect Movement:

Background:

• Social Injustice and Discrimination: During the early 20th century, the Indian society, particularly in Tamil Nadu, was marked by deep-rooted social hierarchies and discrimination based on caste. The Brahminical social order was dominant, leading to the oppression of lower-caste communities.
• Periyar's Early Activism: E.V. Ramaswami Naicker was initially associated with the Indian National Congress and the Justice Party. However, he later distanced himself from these mainstream political entities due to their perceived failure in addressing the social issues faced by the marginalized communities.

Formation of the Self-Respect Movement:

• Rationalist Ideology: Periyar was a staunch rationalist and atheist. He believed in dismantling superstitions, challenging orthodoxy, and promoting a rational, scientific outlook among the people.
• Non-Brahmin Manifesto: In 1925, Periyar published the "Non-Brahmin Manifesto," which laid the foundation for the Self-Respect Movement. The manifesto called for the empowerment of non-Brahmins and advocated for equal rights and opportunities.
• Anti-Hindi Agitation: Periyar also played a significant role in the Anti-Hindi Agitation of 1937, opposing the imposition of Hindi as a compulsory language in Madras Presidency. This protest further galvanized the Dravidian people and strengthened the Self-Respect Movement.

Core Principles and Objectives:

• Self-Respect: The movement aimed at instilling a sense of self-respect among the non-Brahmin communities, emphasizing that every individual, regardless of their caste, deserved dignity and respect.
• Eradication of Caste: Periyar was a vocal critic of the caste system. The movement sought to eradicate caste-based discrimination and promote social equality.
• Social Justice and Education: The Self-Respect Movement advocated for social justice, equal opportunities in education and employment, and the upliftment of the oppressed communities.

Additional Information

• Dravidian Identity: The Self-Respect Movement played a crucial role in shaping the Dravidian identity, distinct from the pan-Indian cultural and social norms.
• Political Transformation: The movement laid the groundwork for the Dravidian movement's political manifestation, leading to the formation of the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK) in 1944 and later, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) in 1949.
• Legacy: Periyar's ideas and principles continue to influence Tamil Nadu's political landscape, with parties like the DMK adhering to the social justice and rationalist ideologies promoted by the Self-Respect Movement.

The correct answer is Kabir 

Explanation: Kabir is associated with 'syncretism' as his philosophical and poetic expressions reflect a blending of Hindu and Islamic elements, emphasizing unity and transcending religious boundaries.

Key Points

 Kabir, the 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint, is indeed associated with syncretism, but the term "The Thinker" is usually not specifically attributed to him. "The Thinker" is more commonly associated with the French sculptor Auguste Rodin's iconic statue, which represents contemplation and philosophical reflection.

Kabir's philosophy is rooted in the Bhakti movement of medieval India, emphasizing devotion to a personal god. He is known for his poetry that transcends religious boundaries and advocates for a universal understanding of spirituality. Kabir's verses often reflect a syncretic approach, as he incorporates elements from Hinduism and Islam, among other traditions, to convey a message of unity and harmony. Key aspects of Kabir's syncretism include:

• Monotheism and Unity of God: Kabir emphasized the idea of a single, formless, and transcendent God. His poetry often speaks to the unity of God, emphasizing that the divine is beyond the confines of any particular religious identity.
• Rejection of Rituals and Dogma: Kabir was critical of religious rituals and dogmatic practices. He believed in a direct and personal connection with the divine, emphasizing the inner experience of spirituality over external rituals.
• Equality and Brotherhood: Kabir's verses often conveyed messages of equality among all human beings, regardless of their religious background. He rejected caste distinctions and advocated for a sense of brotherhood among people.
• Common Threads in Religions: Kabir drew from various religious traditions, using metaphors and symbols from Hinduism and Islam to illustrate common spiritual truths. His poetry often aimed to bridge the gaps between different faiths.

 Additional Information

• Kabir's syncretic approach made him a unique figure in the religious landscape of his time.
• His teachings continue to inspire people, emphasizing the importance of transcending religious boundaries and recognizing the underlying unity of all spiritual paths.

The correct answer is 'Aurobindo Ghosh'

Key Points

• Aurobindo Ghosh:
  • Aurobindo Ghosh, also known as Sri Aurobindo, was an Indian philosopher, yogi, guru, poet, and nationalist.
  • He envisioned the evolution of human life into a divine life in a divine body.
  • His philosophy of Integral Yoga aims at transforming human nature into divine nature, leading to the manifestation of a divine life on Earth.
  • Sri Aurobindo believed in the potential of human beings to evolve spiritually and achieve a higher state of consciousness and existence.

Additional Information

• Other Options:
  • M. N. Roy:
    • M. N. Roy was an Indian revolutionary, radical activist, and political theorist, best known for his involvement in the Indian independence movement and his advocacy of radical humanism.
    • He did not focus on the spiritual evolution of human life as envisioned by Aurobindo Ghosh.
  • Ram Manohar Lohia:
    • Ram Manohar Lohia was an Indian freedom fighter and a socialist political leader. He was known for his work towards social equality and his contributions to the Indian independence movement.
    • His work did not primarily concern the spiritual evolution and transformation of human life.
  • Deen Dayal Upadhayay:
    • Deen Dayal Upadhayay was an Indian politician, philosopher, and the leader of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the forerunner of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
    • He is known for his philosophy of Integral Humanism, which emphasizes the holistic development of human beings but does not focus on the spiritual transformation to a divine life as Sri Aurobindo did.

The correct answer is '1848'

Key Points

• Jotiba Phule:
  • Jyotirao Govindrao Phule, also known as Jotiba Phule, was an Indian social activist, thinker, anti-caste social reformer, and writer from Maharashtra.
  • He is most known for his efforts to educate women and lower caste people, and he was a pioneer in the field of women's education in India.
• Girl's School at Poona:
  • In 1848, Jotiba Phule and his wife Savitribai Phule started the first school for girls in Pune (then Poona), Maharashtra.
  • This was a groundbreaking step in promoting education for girls in India, at a time when female education was largely neglected.

Additional Information

• Significance of the School:
  • This school was one of the first of its kind in India and marked a significant step towards gender equality in education.
  • Jotiba and Savitribai Phule faced considerable opposition and social ostracism for their efforts, but their persistence laid the foundation for future educational reforms.

Answer: The correct answer is, Muhammad bin Tughluq

Solution:
In his work "Fatawa-i-Jahandari" (Jewels of the World), Ziauddin Barani criticized the ruler Muhammad bin Tughluq for deviating from the Islamic code of governance. Barani was a contemporary of Muhammad bin Tughluq and served as a courtier during his reign.

Barani's critique of Muhammad bin Tughluq's policies and actions was based on his assessment that the ruler had deviated from the principles of Islamic governance and justice. He condemned many of Tughluq's reforms and policies, such as the controversial token currency system, the transfer of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, and the brutal suppression of rebellions.

Barani argued that Tughluq's actions were contrary to the teachings of Islam and the established norms of governance. He accused the ruler of being unjust, oppressive, and tyrannical, and held him responsible for the suffering and hardships endured by the people during his reign.

Key Points 

• Ziauddin Barani's Role and Background:
  • A prominent Indo-Persian historian and scholar of the 14th century.
  • Served as a courtier and advisor during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq.
  • Known for his critical and analytical approach to historical writing.
• "Fatawa-i-Jahandari":
  • A work that critiques and analyzes the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq.
  • Provides Barani's assessment of Tughluq's policies and their impact on the people.
  • Serves as a valuable primary source for understanding the challenges and controversies of Tughluq's reign.
• Criticism of Muhammad bin Tughluq's Policies:
  • Condemned Tughluq's token currency system, which led to economic turmoil and inflation.
  • Criticized the transfer of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, which caused significant hardship and loss of life.
  • Denounced the brutal suppression of rebellions, accusing Tughluq of being oppressive and tyrannical.
• Deviation from Islamic Principles of Governance:
  • Barani argued that Tughluq's actions were contrary to the teachings of Islam and the established norms of governance.
  • Accused Tughluq of being unjust, oppressive, and neglectful of the welfare of his subjects.
  • Believed that Tughluq's policies violated the principles of Islamic justice and leadership.
• Impact and Legacy of Barani's Critique:
  • Barani's critical assessment of Tughluq's reign has shaped historical narratives and perspectives.
  • His work has influenced subsequent scholarly debates and analyses of Tughluq's reign.
  • Provides a counterbalance to the more positive accounts of Tughluq's reign found in other historical sources.
• Significance in the Context of Historical Writing:
  • Barani's willingness to critique and analyze the actions of a ruling monarch was a departure from the traditional norms of courtly historiography.
  • His critical approach challenged the prevailing tendency to present a more favorable portrayal of rulers.
  • "Fatawa-i-Jahandari" exemplifies Barani's commitment to providing an honest and analytical assessment of historical events.

 Additional InformationZiauddin Barani's critique of Muhammad bin Tughluq's reign in "Fatawa-i-Jahandari" has been the subject of much scholarly debate and analysis. While some historians have praised Barani for his candor and willingness to hold the ruler accountable, others have questioned his objectivity and potential biases.

One perspective suggests that Barani's criticism may have been influenced by his personal experiences and relationship with Tughluq. As a courtier, Barani may have felt disillusioned or marginalized by the ruler's policies, leading him to adopt a more critical stance.

Another view is that Barani's assessment reflects the broader societal tensions and upheavals that characterized Tughluq's reign. The controversial policies and reforms implemented by Tughluq, while arguably ambitious and innovative, were met with significant resistance and unrest among various segments of the population.

It is important to note that Barani's work should be contextualized within the broader historical and literary traditions of the Delhi Sultanate period. As an Indo-Persian scholar, Barani was influenced by the Persian literary traditions and the Islamic principles of governance, which may have shaped his critique of Tughluq's actions.

Regardless of the debates surrounding Barani's motivations and biases, "Fatawa-i-Jahandari" remains a significant work that provides valuable insights into the challenges and controversies of Muhammad bin Tughluq's reign. It offers a counterbalance to other historical accounts and encourages a more critical examination of the ruler's policies and their impact on the people.

Moreover, Barani's work serves as an important example of the intellectual and literary traditions of the Delhi Sultanate period, where scholars and historians were willing to engage in critical analysis and offer candid assessments of rulers and their actions, albeit within the constraints of their time and context.

The correct answer is  Freedom from colonial rule 

Explanation: The features —English Language, Nationalism, and the Spinning Wheel—were points of debate between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore during the Indian independence movement. Both Gandhi and Tagore were prominent figures in the struggle for independence, but they had differing perspectives on certain key issues.

Key Points

English Language:

• Gandhi's Perspective: Mahatma Gandhi believed in the importance of Swadeshi, which meant promoting indigenous goods and culture. He advocated for the use of vernacular languages and sought to minimize reliance on English. According to Gandhi, English was a symbol of British colonialism, and he encouraged the use of Indian languages to foster a sense of national identity.
• Tagore's Perspective: Rabindranath Tagore, on the other hand, had a more cosmopolitan view. He believed that English had become an essential tool for communication and education. Tagore himself was a proficient user of English and argued that it could serve as a bridge between India and the rest of the world. He saw the potential for cultural exchange and international understanding through the English language.

Nationalism:

• Gandhi's Perspective: Gandhi's approach to nationalism was deeply rooted in his philosophy of non-violence (Ahimsa) and civil disobedience. He believed in the idea of "Sarvodaya," the welfare of all, and sought a decentralized, village-centric form of self-governance. Gandhi's nationalism was more about moral and spiritual regeneration of individuals and communities rather than a political or territorial definition.
• Tagore's Perspective: Tagore, while initially supportive of the Indian nationalist cause, grew critical of the rising tide of aggressive nationalism. He was concerned that it could lead to narrow-mindedness and conflict. Tagore emphasized a more inclusive, internationalist vision of nationalism. He believed in the cultural and spiritual unity of humanity beyond national boundaries.

The Spinning Wheel (Khadi):

• Gandhi's Perspective: Gandhi promoted the use of the spinning wheel (charkha) and the wearing of khadi (hand-spun and handwoven cloth) as symbols of self-reliance and economic independence. He saw spinning as a means for rural empowerment, providing employment and reducing dependence on British-manufactured goods.
• Tagore's Perspective: Tagore appreciated the symbolism behind the spinning wheel but was critical of turning it into a political tool. He felt that it might oversimplify the complex issues of economic development and self-reliance. Tagore was concerned that focusing solely on khadi might distract from broader economic and social issues that needed attention.

 Additional Information

• While both Gandhi and Tagore were committed to India's freedom, they differed in their approaches to certain aspects of the independence movement, including language, nationalism, and economic strategies.
• Gandhi's philosophy was deeply rooted in moral and spiritual principles, emphasizing self-reliance and non-violence, while Tagore had a more cosmopolitan and internationalist perspective.
• Their debates reflected the diverse and complex nature of the Indian independence movement.

The correct answer is 'Joining Congress to support national movement'

Key Points

• Self Respect Movement initiated by EV Ramaswami Naicker:
  • The Self Respect Movement was founded by EV Ramaswami Naicker, popularly known as Periyar, in 1925 in Tamil Nadu, India.
  • The movement aimed to promote self-respect, eradicate caste discrimination, and fight against the social evils perpetuated by the caste system.
  • It sought to empower the Dravidian community and challenge the dominance of Brahmins in Tamil society.
• Dropping description of caste from the names:
  • One of the key principles of the Self Respect Movement was to discard caste-based surnames to eliminate caste identities and promote social equality.
  • This practice was encouraged to reduce the discrimination and stigma associated with caste distinctions.
• New interpretation to characters of Hindu mythology:
  • Periyar and his followers offered a rationalist and critical perspective on Hindu mythology, challenging traditional interpretations that reinforced caste hierarchies.
  • They aimed to reinterpret mythological stories to highlight social injustices and question the legitimacy of Brahminical dominance.
• Self respect weddings solemnized without Brahmin Priests:
  • The Self Respect Movement advocated for weddings to be conducted without the involvement of Brahmin priests, who were seen as upholders of the caste system.
  • These "self-respect weddings" were performed in a simple manner, emphasizing equality and mutual consent rather than religious rituals.

Additional Information

• Joining Congress to support national movement:
  • Periyar initially joined the Indian National Congress but later distanced himself due to differences in ideology, particularly concerning caste and social reforms.
  • His focus remained on social justice and anti-caste movements, rather than the broader nationalistic goals of the Congress party.

The correct answer is 'Rani Gaidilieu'

Key Points

• Rani Gaidilieu:
  • Rani Gaidilieu was a Naga spiritual and political leader who led a revolt against British rule in India.
  • She was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's call for resistance against British colonialism and played a crucial role in the Naga struggle for independence.
  • At the young age of 16, she was arrested by the British in 1932 and sentenced to life imprisonment. However, she was released after India's independence in 1947.
  • She is often referred to as the "Rani" or queen, a title given to her by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India.

Additional Information

• Kanaklata Baruah:
  • Kanaklata Baruah was an Indian freedom fighter from Assam.
  • She is known for her role in the Quit India Movement, where she was shot dead while leading a procession carrying the Indian national flag in 1942.
• Chandraprava Saikaini:
  • Chandraprava Saikaini was a prominent Assamese freedom fighter and social reformer.
  • She played a significant role in the Indian independence movement but was not directly connected to the Naga struggle.
• Lalnu Ropuiliani:
  • Lalnu Ropuiliani was a Mizo chieftainess who resisted British colonial rule in the northeastern region of India.
  • She is a notable figure in the history of Mizoram but did not specifically respond to Mahatma Gandhi's call for revolt.

The correct answer is Steve Odin.

Key Points

• Steve Odin:
  • Steve Odin is a scholar who has extensively studied comparative philosophy, especially focusing on the intersection of Eastern and Western philosophical traditions.
  • He noted how Sri Aurobindo incorporated Hegel's notion of an Absolute Spirit to modernize and recontextualize the ancient Hindu Vedanta system.
  • This observation highlights Sri Aurobindo's innovative approach to blending Eastern spirituality with Western philosophical ideas.

Additional Information

• Mahatma Gandhi:
  • Known primarily for his role in the Indian independence movement and his philosophy of non-violence (Ahimsa).
  • Gandhi's works do not focus on integrating Hegelian philosophy with Hindu Vedanta.
• Rabindranath Tagore:
  • A renowned poet, philosopher, and polymath from India, who primarily focused on literature, art, and cultural issues.
  • Tagore’s contributions are not primarily in the realm of integrating Western and Eastern philosophical traditions in the manner described.
• Swami Vivekananda:
  • A key figure in introducing Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world in the late 19th century.
  • While he did engage with Western philosophies, he did not specifically appropriate Hegel's notion of an Absolute Spirit to restructure the Vedanta system.