Assessment and Evaluation MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Assessment and Evaluation - Download Free PDF

Assessment in education serves various purposes, ranging from measuring learning outcomes to supporting learning processes.

Key Points

• When a teacher gives regular feedback and modifies instruction based on students’ progress, it exemplifies assessment for learning.
• Assessment for learning is a formative approach that involves using assessment information to guide and improve teaching and learning in real time. It emphasizes continuous feedback, active student involvement, and instructional adjustments based on learners’ needs.
• The goal here is not to assign a grade but to support students' development by identifying strengths, gaps, and areas needing reinforcement.
• This process helps students take ownership of their learning while enabling the teacher to make informed pedagogical decisions.

Hint

• Assessment of learning refers to evaluating what students have learned at the end of a unit or term, typically through exams, making it summative.
• Summative assessment, similarly, is judgment-based and used for reporting or certification.
• Diagnostic testing is done before instruction begins to identify existing difficulties but does not involve ongoing feedback or instructional change during learning.

Hence, the correct answer is assessment for learning.

In the context of educational assessment, teachers use a variety of tools and techniques to evaluate and document student learning. These tools help monitor progress, inform instruction, and communicate student growth to stakeholders. Among these tools, some are used for observation, some for grading, and others for maintaining systematic records of student development over a period of time.

Key Points

•  A portfolio is a purposeful, systematic collection of a student’s work that demonstrates their efforts, progress, and achievements in one or more areas over time. It includes samples of student work, reflections, teacher feedback, and assessments.
• This tool encourages students to take ownership of their learning and allows teachers to assess skills and understanding in a broader and more meaningful way.
• Portfolios are especially valuable in tracking the development of competencies that may not be easily measured through tests.
• Through continuous additions, a portfolio showcases how a student improves and evolves academically.

Hint

• A checklist is a tool used to track the presence or absence of specific skills, behaviors, or tasks, often used for quick assessments rather than showcasing ongoing progress.
• A report card is a periodic summary of student performance, usually in the form of grades or marks, and does not include detailed samples of student work.
• An observation log is a teacher’s record of informal or formal observations about a student's behavior or performance, useful for individual insights but not meant for systematically displaying progress over time.

Hence, the correct answer is portfolio.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) is an educational approach that assesses a learner’s progress regularly over time and covers all aspects of development—cognitive, emotional, social, and physical. It aims to provide a holistic view of the learner rather than focusing only on academic achievement through one-time tests.

Key Points

•  Periodic assessments that cover various domains, including cognitive skills, emotional growth, and social abilities, reflect the essence of CCE.
• This approach allows teachers to identify students’ strengths and areas needing improvement throughout the academic year and support their overall development.
• Relying solely on a single exam at the end of the year, using only written tests, or rewarding only top scorers contradicts the principles of CCE, which emphasize ongoing, diverse, and inclusive evaluation.

Hence, the correct answer is periodic assessments covering cognitive, emotional, and social aspects of learning.

Formative evaluation is an ongoing, dynamic assessment process that occurs during the teaching and learning process. It involves collecting information and feedback to make informed decisions for improving instructional strategies, addressing student needs, and enhancing the overall learning experience. 

Key Points

During the Teaching Learning Process:

• Formative evaluation is conducted during the teaching and learning process, providing real-time feedback to teachers and students.
• It allows educators to monitor progress, identify areas of improvement, and make adjustments to instructional methods.
• It emphasizes the importance of continuous feedback for instructional improvement and student development. While summative evaluations (after) and pre-assessments (before) have their roles, they serve different purposes than formative evaluation.

Therefore, formative evaluation is distinct in its focus on ongoing assessment during the teaching and learning process. 

CCE stands for Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation. It has been introduced as a school-based system of evaluation by the CBSE in 2009 with the enactment of the Right to Education Act.

Key Points 

The objectives of CCE are:

• to lay emphasis on thought process and de-emphasize memorization.
• to minimize misclassification of students on the basis of marks and to eliminate unhealthy cut-throat competition among high achievers
• to identifies learning progress on a small portion of the content

• to the all-round development of students including cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains.

• to emphasize continuity and regularity of assessment.

• to assess both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects of a child's growth.

• to make evaluation an integral part of learning through diagnostic and remedial teaching.

• It refers to all-around development including both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects of child's growth. The objective of CCE is to make evaluation an integral part of learning through diagnostic and remedial teaching.

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that CCE means Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation.

Assessment is the process of gathering and analyzing information about a student's knowledge, skills, and abilities. It involves collecting data from a variety of sources, including tests, exams, projects, and portfolios.

Key Points

• Probing questions are a key tool that teachers use to conduct formative assessments.
• Formative assessment is an ongoing process that helps teachers to monitor and evaluate the progress of their students during the learning process.
• It involves providing feedback to students on their strengths and weaknesses and using this information to adjust instruction to better meet the needs of individual students.
• These questions help teachers to assess student understanding, identify misconceptions, and clarify ideas.
• Probing questions require students to think deeply about the concepts being taught and to articulate their thoughts and reasoning, which helps the teacher to evaluate the level of understanding of each student.

Thus, it is concluded that Effective teachers often use probing questions during the course of teaching-learning processes in the classroom. This would enable the teacher to undertake formative assessment.

Additional Information

• Summative assessment occurs at the end of a unit or course to evaluate student learning and assign grades.
• Standardized assessment refers to assessments that are administered to all students in a consistent manner to measure their achievement against a set of predetermined standards.
• Norm-referenced assessment compares a student's performance to that of other students of the same age or grade level.

Cognitive Research Trust (CoRT) is a tool to assess the implementation of higher-order thinking skills in the teaching-learning process. It is designed to enhance different aspects of thinking in students for crucial cognitive development.

First Importance Priorities (FIP) is the CoRT tool that allows the individual to choose from a number of different possibilities and alternatives. It is about giving priority to an idea to deal with a situation for positive consequences.

All CoRT thinking tools are: 

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, commonly know as 'CCE' has been introduced as a school-based system of evaluation by the CBSE in 2009 with the enactment of the Right to Education Act.

• The main objective of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) is to lay emphasis on the thought process and de-emphasize memorization as CCE includes all aspects of students' development.

Key Points

Other Objectives of CCE:

• Emphasizing continuity and regularity of assessment.

• Assessing both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects of a child's growth.
• Recording the methods of learning in order to make the required improvements.

• Making evaluation an integral part of learning through diagnostic and remedial teaching.
• Ensuring all-round development of students including cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains.

Hence, it could be concluded that laying emphasis on thought process and de-emphasize memorization is the main objective of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE). 

Portfolio- It is the collection of evidences of student's academic work in a given period of time. It can be daily tasks or a selection of students best work. Portfolios are frequently used by painters and commercial artists to demonstrate their abilities and high quality work.

Key Points

•  Why portfolios?
  • For the evaluation of the quality of work learning progress and academic achievements.
  • For determining whether the children have met learning standards.
  • For helping children reflect on their academic goals.
• Points to remember while making students portfolio-
  • Selecting range of students work over a period of time to encourage students to be proud of their accomplishments.
  • All items of work of a student not put in portfolio. Only some specific work that are select for specific reason are kept in portfolio.
  • Students also take part to select their specific, interesting or creative work for portfolio.
  • Making children select their work to be put in portfolio as it will help students to take more responsibility and ownership over the learning process.
  • The teacher should maintain a portfolio of each child and this document should be used as an "assessment tool" to know the progress of each child over a period of time. The portfolio should include the work done by the children in a variety of situations, covering various aspects of the Child's behavior.
  • An e-portfolio can be maintained by teachers to reduce the task of recording work.

Hence, we conclude that good practices of making students portfolios are A, C and D. Whereas selecting all items of work to be put in portfolio will create a confusion in selecting the best work.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, commonly know as 'CCE' has been introduced as a school-based system of evaluation by the CBSE in 2009 with the enactment of the Right to Education Act.

• CCE emphasizes developing cognitive, physical, affective, psycho-social, and social-personal aspects of children in an integrated manner.

Key Points

Child's social-personal qualities which are assessed under CCE include:

• Empathy
• Discipline
• Co-operation
• Taking initiatives
• Concern for others
• Neatness (cleanliness)

Hence, it could be concluded that 'painting' is not a social-personal quality that is assessed under CCE.

Assessment serves to promote learning by reinforcing the efficacy of teaching-learning when teachers can customize their teaching plans through relevant information on students’ interests, abilities, and learning progress with constant involvement and input from students.

Key Points Assessment can be classified into four types on the basis of their purposes:

• Placement Assessment -  It is conducted before the organization of teaching-learning activities to measure the entry behavior or previous knowledge of learners.
• Formative Assessment/ Continuous Evaluation - It is carried out from the very beginning of instruction and continues till the end of the course. It provides the teacher feedback about the progress of learners in the program and about the effectiveness of the program.
• Diagnostic Assessment- Diagnostic assessment is specially conducted for removing the learning difficulties of the learner. It identifies and provides remedies for personal and psychological problems
• Summative Assessment/Achievement Assessment - It is conducted to know the terminal behavior of the learner. In this assessment, the earners get a certificate or are promoted to the higher class based on a summative assessment.

Hence, clinical assessment is not a type of assessment in teaching.

Hint

• Remedial Teaching is an integral part of the teaching-learning program, also known as compensatory or corrective teaching.​ The objective of remedial teaching is to give additional help to learners who have fallen behind the rest of the class in any topic or subject.

Additional Information 

• Clinical assessment refers to the assessment of mental health by psychologists to prevent or cure mental health issues.
• It is also used in medicine and dentistry.
• Methods employed in clinical assessment involve collecting, evaluating, and interpreting data from multiple sources.

Tests are devices to gather information through some specified tasks presented to individuals. We come across various types of tests in education e.g. oral, written and practical; group or individual; performance, etc. Sometimes 'examination' is also used to mean a device or a test. 

Key Points

Characteristics of Good Test: A good test should enable us to the achievement or ability accurately and economically. Here we take a good test - validity, reliability, and usability.

• Validity: A test is said to be valid if it measures what it is supposed to measure. Cronbach defines validity as "the extent to which a test measures what it to measure".  
• Reliability: A test is reliable if it gives consistent results of measurement on its administration on different occasions. Pupils should score similar scores if the test is repeated. Its administration maybe after some gap of time and the condition is that pupils do not receive any further training of related test content. 
• Usability: Usability refers to practicability - ease, and economy in terms of energy, time, and money. Usability means a test should be: easy to construct; easy in administrating; easy in scoring; easy in interpreting; and economic in terms of money and time.
• Objectivity: When a student's score on a test is based only on the student's answers and not on the personal biases of the scorer (or teacher), then the scoring is considered to be objective. This depends on the procedure of the scoring (and the type of item to be scored).

Hence, we conclude that aptitude is not a characteristic of a good test, it is a part of the personality.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation has been introduced as a school-based system of evaluation by the CBSE in 2009 with the enactment of the Right to Education Act.

• CCE describes two different types of assessments which include Summative and Formative Evaluation.

Key Points

"Summative Evaluation", commonly known as  "Assessment of Learning" is a type of evaluation which:

• measures, certifies and reports the level of students' learning by assessing them at the end of the term.
• produces an accurate description of students' potential and achievement to promote them to the next grades.
• It comes at the end of the term, course, or program of teaching. Annual and half-yearly examinations in schools, public examinations are example of such evaluation.

Additional Information

• Formative Evaluation is a type of assessment that refers to monitor learners' progress during the instructional procedure or throughout the teaching-learning process to diagnose learner's learning difficulties.

Note that: 

• Assessment for learning – during instruction
• Assessment of learning - after instruction
• Assessment as learning - self-assessment in students

Hence, we conclude that the terminal assessment of the learner’s performance at the end of the session is related to summative evaluation.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) is an educational system that aims to assess all aspects of a student's development on an ongoing basis. This approach emphasizes evaluating both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects, including cognitive, emotional, and social development.

Key Points

• The Growth and Learning Progress Portfolio is the most appropriate tool for supporting Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation.
• It provides a holistic, ongoing assessment of a student's development, aligning with the principles of CCE by offering a broad view of a student's progress in various areas, rather than just their academic achievements at a single point in time.
• This type of portfolio allows for adjustments in teaching strategies and provides meaningful feedback to students, which is essential for fostering continuous growth and learning.

Hence, we can conclude that the Growth and learning progress portfolio supports continuous and comprehensive evaluation.

Additional Information 

• Best Works Portfolio: This portfolio collects students' best work across different subjects or activities. While it showcases the student's highest achievements, it doesn't provide a comprehensive view of the student's overall progress over time.
• Standardized achievement tests are typically administered once or twice a year to measure students' knowledge in specific areas, usually against a national or regional standard. These tests provide a snapshot of a student's performance at a single point in time.
• Standardized intelligence tests assess a student's intellectual abilities, often focusing on problem-solving, reasoning, and logical thinking. Like standardized achievement tests, they provide a snapshot of a student's abilities at a specific moment.

Achievement tests are administered to students to measure their learning outcomes. These tests are more prevalent in our schools. These tests show what has been learned by the students, rather than predict future performance. 

Important Points 

The achievement tests can be used for the following purposes:

• to know the learning progress of the students.
• checking any weaknesses in the instruction.
• in the formulation of learning objectives and provide an easy means of critical examination of the content and the methods of teaching.
• adapting the instruction to the need of the individual learner.
• to know the effectiveness of any academic program.

Key Points

Though achievement tests are commonly used in schools to assess students’ achievement, there are some limitations to these tests.

The following are the main limitations:

• Scores in the achievement test may not be the exact measure of achievement in the concerned field as there is subjectivity in assessment and the test selected may not completely represent the curriculum.
• Many factors such as standard of teaching, completion of the curriculum, testing condition, prior information to the students, the practice of the students, etc. may affect the student's achievement, but those factors may not be measured by the achievement test.
• Achievement scores of students differ in similar types of achievement tests. There may be the possibility that a student scores differently in different achievement tests meant for the same class

Hence, we conclude that an achievement test is good for critical examination of the content and the methods of teaching, which is not the limitation of an achievement test.