The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir is grappling with unprecedented shifts in weather patterns, marked by the lowest rainfall recorded in the last fifty years. The year 2024 has emerged as the driest year in five decades, continuing into early 2025, with the River Jhelum now flowing at its all-time low water levels.
Recent data reveals a staggering precipitation deficit in the region, with rainfall plummeting to just 870.9 mm against an average annual norm of 1232.3 mm—an alarming shortfall of 29%. This marks the fifth consecutive year of below-normal rainfall for Jammu and Kashmir, raising concerns about water availability and agricultural sustainability.
A closer examination of rainfall trends underscores the gravity of the situation. In 2023, the region recorded 1146.6 mm of rainfall (a 7% deficit), while 2022 saw 1040.4 mm (16% deficit). The preceding years also reflected significant deficits: 2021 recorded 892.5 mm (28% deficit) and 2020 documented 982.2 mm (20% deficit). With the 2024 figures nearing the previous low of 802.5 mm from 1974, the region’s water crisis appears to be deepening.
Weather analyst Faizan Arif stated, “Jammu and Kashmir has experienced the least rainfall in 2024. From January onwards last year, rainfall was minimal, with only a brief respite in April. By the end of the year, the deficit had worsened to 29%, marking a historic low. The River Jhelum is also at its lowest flow levels, significantly impacting drinking water supplies.”
The ongoing decline in precipitation highlights an urgent need for climate adaptation strategies and comprehensive water management solutions to address prolonged dry spells in the region. The Flood and Irrigation Department of Kashmir Valley is proactively preparing for potential drought-like conditions in the coming months.
Braham Jyoti Sharma, Chief Engineer of Irrigation and Flood Control, remarked, “Last year’s low precipitation severely impacted our lift irrigation schemes. While we managed to cope in 2024, it has underscored the necessity for a robust plan moving forward. We have developed a drought action plan that includes deploying drought pumps to lift river water into sump tanks for distribution to farmers.”
Compounding the crisis, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh is home to approximately 18,000 glaciers, all of which are rapidly melting due to climate change. Notably, the Kolahoi Glacier—the largest in Kashmir—has lost around 23% of its mass since 1962.
As Jammu and Kashmir faces this critical juncture, the need for effective climate resilience measures and sustainable water management has never been more pressing. Without immediate action, the region risks facing severe consequences for its agriculture, ecology, and overall livelihoods.
Also Read: Union Budget 2025: Will Dalal Street Soar or Face Another Bloodbath?
